On 2 July 2025, US President Donald Trump, never one to shy away from controversial proposals, floated yet another idea that managed to baffle legal experts, infuriate critics, and surely earn a few chuckles from history buffs: deporting U.S. citizens who commit crimes. Yes, you read that right—Amer
Anthony Tran
4 days ago
我建議,原則上外傭的最低工資應隨最低工資的上調而上調。對於前者,更合理的最低工資應該是每月7500港幣,因為與當地工人相比,他們每天的工作時間更長,每週的工作天數更多。然而,外籍家庭傭工最低工資的提高應該與本地工人最低工資的提高同步進行,因為他們的工資同樣很低。因此我建議將本地工人的最低工資提高至每小時60港元(約每月11,040港元)。並且兩個最低工資標準都應按照跳躍式調整之前的相同機制(例如隨通貨膨脹而增加)進行調整。最後我們建議把外傭最低工資跟據合約兩年間調整:第一年上調至$6250第二年上調至$7500該政策最終是否會損害外籍家庭傭工和本地工人的利益?我可以參考一下之前最低工資的執行情況。在實施之前,許多專家、經濟學家和政策制定者都擔心這會損害就業,導致失業率上升。實施最低工資後的實踐表明,失業率並未受到影響。當然,這個案例並不直接適用於 FDH 案例,儘管它確實提供了一個數據點。另一個可能最終損害 FDH 的問題是需求彈性。首先,雖然外籍家庭傭工與當地工人競爭,但我相信他們屬於兩個不同的市場。前者的待機時間差不多為6/24,後者的正常工作時間甚至達到12小時左右;後者只是兼職,每小時工資遠高於目前 FDH 的最低工資,甚至高於建議的新最低工資。因此,兩者在很大程度上不能互相取代。因此這導致了一個簡單的需求彈性問題。我認為對外籍家庭傭工和本地工人的需求缺乏彈性,因為很難找到替代品:1)如上所述,外籍家庭傭工市場與本地市場是分開的; 2)外籍家庭傭工 (FDH) 可讓父母從事各自的工作,從而幫助中產階級家庭實現「雙薪家庭」。因此,隨著外籍家庭傭工薪資的成長百分比超過需求量的下降百分比,外籍家庭傭工的總收入就會增加。因此,儘管新的最低工資確實取代了部分外籍家庭傭工和本地工人,但外籍家庭傭工和本地工人的總薪酬整體增加了。最後,一些政治影響薪資上漲使香港乃至中國對外籍家庭傭工的來源國(尤其是菲律賓)擁有了更大的權力。及印尼在中國與菲律賓就南海主權問題展開交鋒的背景下,中國香港對菲律賓和印尼的收入增加,增加了中國的籌碼。最後但同樣重要的一點是,它有助於中國政府的「一帶一路」倡議,因為菲律賓是中國租賃的重要國家。
Red Pill Editorial Team
2 weeks ago
On June 6, 2025, Joshua Wong, Hong Kong’s most recognizable young pro-democracy activist, was arrested again while already serving a prison sentence. He was charged under the National Security Law (NSL) for allegedly colluding with foreign forces during a period between July and November 2020. The aThe new charges carry the maximum penalty of life imprisonment.Though technically not a violation of the principle of double jeopardy, the act of doubling up charges against Joshua Wong—years after the alleged acts occurred and while he is still serving time—reveals the regime’s true intent: to ensure that he never leaves prison, and to wipe away any remaining I Knew Joshua Wong Before the World DidI first came to know Joshua Wong in 2012, when he was still a teenager. That year, he rose to prominence by leading the movement against the Hong Kong government's proposed "Moral and National Education" curriculum—a thinly veiled brainwashing project. He was the head of Scholarism, a student group Over the past 13 years, I have witnessed his growth—from a high school student to an international voice for Hong Kong’s freedom. That voice is now being silenced not only by physical incarceration, but by a regime determined to bury his influence forever.Political Lawfare Dressed as JusticeWong is currently serving a 56-month sentence stemming from his involvement in an unofficial democratic primary in 2020, which authorities claim violated the NSL’s subversion clause. He was due to be released in early 2027.But the regime clearly has no intention of allowing that to happen.The new NSL charges, dropped from above like a sword of Damocles, now threaten him with life behind bars. They relate to the same general time period as his current charges, yet are being re-packaged under different legal terminology to extend his captivity indefinitely.This is not justice. This is authoritarian engineering of judicial outcomes.The practice of stacking charges—of returning to prosecute an already-imprisoned activist for events in the same historical arc—destroys the world’s confidence in Hong Kong’s legal system. It is clear to all observers that the law has become a tool of oppression, not a guardian of fairness.A Vanishing HopeJoshua Wong’s fate is starting to resemble that of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, the 11th Panchen Lama, who was taken by the Chinese government in 1995 at the age of six and has not been seen since. Though Wong may not be physically disappeared, he is being disappeared in another way—through confinement, siBut I won’t forget. None of us should.The Death of One Country, Two Systems—and of Hong Kong as We Knew ItThis is more than the destruction of one young man’s future. This is the symbolic death of "One Country, Two Systems"—a promise made to the people of Hong Kong and the international community that has been shredded in front of the world’s eyes.Once, Hong Kong stood as a proud international city, governed by the rule of law, open society, and civil liberties. Today, it is a city where political prisoners languish for acts of speech, where laws are rewritten to serve the interests of power, and where even the memory of resistance is criminaThe world is watching, and the conclusion is clear: Hong Kong has no future as a free city under the current regime. The doubling of charges against Joshua Wong isn’t just a legal maneuver—it’s a moral indictment of a system that has chosen control over conscience.Joshua Wong's story is not over, but it has reached a chapter that reflects the sorrow, rage, and despair of an entire generation.We must remember him. We must speak his name. And we must continue the fight he helped begin.
錢志健
1 month ago
Since the Self-Strengthening Movement and constitutional reforms in the late Qing Dynasty, and all the way to the First Republic (the Republic of China) and the Second Republic (the People's Republic of China), the main obstacle to China's modern political system has been the failure to effectively China's latest version of the constitution, drafted in the 1980s, contains outdated provisions and clauses that restrict freedoms and weaken the separation of powers, aiming to provide modern China with a new constitution suitable for a free China. The drafting process of the new constitution and it1) A constitutional convention was convened, composed of representatives from all provinces and municipalities of China. Specifically, each province and municipality was determined based on its population ratio, with a total of 243 representatives reviewing and rewriting the constitution article by 2) The new constitution should establish the principles of freedom, separation of powers and a democratic system with Chinese characteristics.3) The executive branch (State Council) should be non-partisan, with all personnel, including the prime minister and deputy prime minister, not affiliated with any political party.4) The Prime Minister is elected by agreement among the four Deputy Prime Ministers, who in turn appoint his successor as Deputy Prime Minister.5) The National People's Congress is composed of 243 representatives elected by each province and municipality, who are selected from among county and village representatives, who are in turn elected by local people. The allocation of the National People's Congress will be determined by the populati6) The 243 deputies in the National People's Congress will elect a chairman to preside over the agenda of the National People's Congress and the order of reviewing bills.7) The current CPPCC will be incorporated into the legislative system and elected by proportional representation from all walks of life.8) A representative can be a member of both the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and can also belong to both the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference respectively.9) Each CPPCC representative elects a CPPCC chairman who is responsible for deciding the order in which bills are submitted to the NPC.10) The legislative process begins with the CPPCC formulating policies, which are then put to a vote by the National People's Congress. Two agencies11) The judiciary is headed by the president, whose main responsibility is to ensure the correct functioning of the constitution, a new one drafted by the National People's Congress.12) The president and five other chief justices make up the Constitutional Court, which is responsible for conducting judicial review of policies implemented by the State Council or laws passed by the National People's Congress. When there is a 3-3 tie in a judicial review case, the president has th13) The president can take the initiative to sue the legislature or the State Council for unconstitutionality, and have the case heard by the Constitutional Court.14) The President is the head of the three branches of government (the President of the Judiciary, the Prime Minister of the Executive and the Chairman of the Legislature) and is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.15) The military is loyal to the constitution and is led by the president of the judicial branch.16) The executive and judicial systems, including the president, strictly maintain political neutrality. The president is elected through consultation among the six chief justices and will select his successor as chief justice.17) Since the legislature is formed through democratic voting, in principle, laws enacted by the elected legislature can be implemented as long as they do not violate the constitution (Legislative supremacy). At the same time, the procedure for amending the Constitution must first be proposed by the18) The new China will initially consist of five autonomous regions, two special administrative regions, four municipalities directly under the Central Government, and 23 provinces. Among them, five autonomous regions each voted to maintain the status quo or become special administrative regions. 1919) Taiwan should also hold a vote to choose to maintain the status quo or to join China and become a special administrative region.20) Each special administrative region is also required to formulate its own basic law to clarify the relationship between the region and the central government.21) One or two official languages for each SAR will be chosen by each SAR individually.22) In addition to military and diplomatic powers, the SAR has its own system including legislative, executive, and judicial powers. The electoral system of each special administrative region is purely an internal affair of each special administrative region.23) Each SAR has its own Basic Law, which is negotiated between the central government and the elected representatives of each SAR.The new constitution establishes the principle of separation of powers and tilts more power towards the judiciary, as China's past failures were largely a failure in the practice of the rule of law. By placing the president and commander-in-chief of the armed forces in the judiciary, it is hoped thaIn Hong Kong, the key changes to the Basic Law are as follows:1) The Basic Law is written in English and Traditional Chinese, the two official languages of Hong Kong. In the event of any discrepancy between the English and Chinese versions, the English version shall prevail.2) To ensure that the NPC’s interpretation of laws is limited to diplomatic and military matters, and that only judges of the Court of Final Appeal can petition the NPC for interpretation of laws. Neither the NPC nor the executive and legislative bodies of Hong Kong can petition the NPC for interpre3) Like constitutions around the world, the Basic Law is only used to limit and interpret government power. There is no possibility that citizens or any legal person may violate the Basic Law.
Red Pill Editorial Team
2 months ago
After twenty-eight years of turmoil and the endless misinterpretation by the Chinese and Hong Kong governments, many believe that 'One Country, Two Systems' and the Basic Law are outdated and their reputations are bankrupt. The future development of Hong Kong is seen as a choice between two extremesThose who hold such extreme views are not without reason. Many things were originally good but have been damaged beyond repair or are at least no longer suitable for public relations. The functional constituencies of the Legislative Council are an example. The original intention of functional consti'One Country, Two Systems' has fallen into this public relations crisis. Due to years of misinterpretation and past failures, many believe that 'One Country, Two Systems' is bankrupt or was always a scam. We do not see it this way because independence or integration are extreme options. Returning toFirst, the Basic Law was originally a constitution that upheld freedom, judicial independence, and various freedoms, including freedom of speech. In addition to numerous provisions protecting human rights, it importantly established Hong Kong's semi-independent status, meaning that except for foreigMoreover, while independence may seem the best option to protect Hong Kong's own interests, it is merely an idealistic notion lacking a realistic foundation. Take Taiwan as an example; despite long-term support from the United States and the natural barrier of the Taiwan Strait, and having been sepaFor instance, the recent controversy over Li Ka-shing's sale of the Panama Canal container terminal: the Basic Law originally established private property rights:The protection of property rights under the Hong Kong Basic Law mainly comes from the following provisions:Article 6: This article stipulates that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong) enjoys a high degree of autonomy, including the right to protect private property under its own legal system, provided it does not violate the Basic Law. Specifically, this means Hong Kong can enact its oArticle 105: This article provides that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall protect the right of private property, including that lawful property shall not be unlawfully encroached upon, and prohibits the expropriation of property unless it is for public needs and compensation is made The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall protect the right of property and prohibit unlawful infringement of property.In the case of expropriation of property, it must be for a reasonable and necessary public purpose, and compensation must be paid according to fair standards.Article 16: This article regulates the legislative power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, allowing Hong Kong to enact laws according to its actual situation, but the legislative process and content must not violate the requirements of the Basic Law, including the protection of propertIn short, Articles 6 and 105 of the Hong Kong Basic Law are the main provisions protecting property rights, emphasizing respect for and protection of private property, as well as the necessary procedures and compensation requirements for expropriation.The Basic Law provisions generated by AI above essentially boil down to two principles: 1) Prohibition of unlawful infringement of property. That is, the rights of ownership, transfer, and income from property must be protected. 2) Even if private property is expropriated or destroyed for reasons ofAs for preventing the central government from further misinterpreting and covertly amending the Basic Law, we believe it is sufficient to add or re-emphasize two or three articles:1) The Basic Law is written in Hong Kong's two official languages—English and Traditional Chinese. If there are discrepancies between the Chinese and English versions, the English version shall prevail.2) The interpretation of the Basic Law by the National People's Congress (NPC) is limited to foreign affairs and military matters, and can only be requested by judges of the Court of Final Appeal. Neither the NPC nor the Hong Kong executive and legislative organs can unilaterally request or implemen3) Like constitutions around the world, the Basic Law is only used to limit and interpret government power. There is no situation where citizens or any legal persons violate the Basic Law.*The yellow part was written by ChatGPT4
Red Pill Editorial Team
3 months ago
Victory in a trade dispute is often elusive and hollow, so I don’t credit U.S. President Donald Trump for “winning” against China. Instead, I commend his pragmatic flexibility, a skill that sets him apart in high-stakes diplomacy. In March 2025, when tariff threats on US$200 billion in Chinese goods
Anthony Tran
2 months ago
「聽其言而觀其行」這句警示,從不適用於政治人物。若要了解特朗普的底蘊,只需要「觀其行」就夠。現年78歲的特朗普曾表示,想三度或四度出任總統並非玩笑,但近日又改口否認正在考慮再次競逐白宮。政客只是投機份子,選不選,還得看屆時的支持度有否勝算。 現在特朗普表態沒有參考意義,一如地球另一端也有人說「N屆不參選」後,卻抵受不住權力的誘惑。幸好美國競選總統的資格,很大程度上是由憲法決定,即使特朗普最後戀棧權力,欲再改口,亦得視乎憲法的制約範圍。 雖說美國現有《第22修正案》限制總統任期,但1951年前只是不成文慣例,國史上亦有羅斯福(Franklin D. Roosevelt)連續四任美國總統,但這例外 1944年限制總統任期再次成為討論焦點,雖然是由共和黨人挑起,但也有不少民主黨人認同國父華盛頓當年以身作則,以八年任期為限,防止暴政抬頭的先例。隨着FDR去世以 如果特朗普欲爭三任總統,理論上至少可循一路去鑽憲法的空子。《第22修正案》僅明確禁止某人「當選」(elected)超過兩屆總統,而不是「繼任」(successi 當然,這種沙盤推演的情況未經憲法檢驗,正反雙方皆引援修正案和條文釋義,支持其論點。至少現在特朗普只是上任百日餘,大有時間扭轉一路下跌的民望。 但是政客的話沒有太多參考價值,特朗普說2028年不參選,有誰會信? Cover Photo: trumpstore.com
杳三
2 months ago
我們應該從哪裡開始理解當下香港所處的世界經濟格局?當美中關係持續緊張、全球產業鏈重組、地緣政治競爭升溫,香港這座長期自信於「全球城市」定位的轉口港,還能否在浪潮之中穩住自身角色?《世界新經濟格局下的亞太、中國和香港》一書,試圖在這個充滿不確定的時代,為我們梳理亞太區域、中國內部經濟政策,以及香港在新格局下的處境與選擇。作者汪康懋從宏觀經濟、國際貿易、區域合作,到金融體系的變動,描繪了一幅充滿張力的亞太經濟藍圖。特別是在美中對抗逐步結構性化、全球供應鏈去風險化(de-risking)的大背景下,香港作為國際金融中心、自由港的優勢,是否還能維持?這不僅是經濟學上的問題,也是關乎香港未來命運的核心提問。
壹玖肆伍·國際香港圖書典藏館
2 months ago
加拿大的選舉時間是計算好的結果,卡尼擊敗逼宮的Freeland贏得黨魁,成為連一次大選也沒參加過的新人總理。加拿大大敵當前,國家上下同仇敵愾,恰好成為自由黨洗刷污名反擊保守黨的最好機會。網上各黨支持者皆不斷強調某黨才能代表某團體或族群的利益,而香港人雖然是自由黨下救生艇計劃得益者,但受制於自由黨任內增發學簽和難民簽證,造成申請永居權大塞車,彈盡糧絕下不少香港人轉向支持NDP新民主黨和 Conservative 保守黨。話雖如此,但不要忘記大部份香港人皆非加拿大公民,雖則媒體上聲浪甚大,實際上所能造成的影響也許只是聊勝於無,因為只有公民才有投票權。所謂政黨支持,簡單的投票背後不妨有著複雜的動機,一如錢鍾書所言,「義正詞嚴的叫喊,有時是文學創造力衰退的掩飾,有時是對人生絕望的惱怒,有時是改變職業的試探,有時是中年人看見旁人還是少年的忌妒。」政黨政治和選民各取所需,既是交易也是表達意見,科學與藝術皆有之。考慮投票行為時,可以有以下考慮。規則和框架規則和框架,基本上屬於一些設計上的問題,有什麼的目標則有什麼的制度。設計時要考慮的,是這樣的制度有什麼的目標需要達到。單議席單票 vs 比例代表制就像英國一樣,加拿大所採用的是單議席單票制,全國所有選區,每區一個位,一人一票,最多議員勝出的政黨如果過半數則可有國會控制權。這種選法簡單直接,能給予政黨籌組成執政黨的能力,多數會出現兩黨獨大的情況,因為如果你是選民,必然希望將選票投予最有希望勝出又最和自己政見相近的政黨,如果有三個人爭持不下而選民能從民意調查中預見,第三位的支持者或會再考慮把自己的選票放於更有希望勝選的人身上,人之常情也。這和香港的設計不同,香港所行的是行政主導的政治制度,立法會並不需要決出執政黨,立法會要做的是盡可能在政府提案後多聆聽意見,所以在比例代表制上採用了最大餘額法,其效果更貼近於多議席單票制,務求兼收並蓄各方不同意見,用意亦要限制政黨過大。除此以外,引入功能組別、團體票等也可以把看作是從制度設計中取得所需結果之一,在此不贅。省選 vs 國選當年師從戴高禮教授,教授對黃鶴回教授的一篇區選文章讚譽有加,黃教授於文中用一些Regression Model反證在區議會選舉中勝出可增加立法會選舉的得票。當然,如今立法會重新整理好,百廢待興,市民如何在新的政治環境中,大部份政黨政見相同下投票有待觀察。加拿大有一點和香港不同的是,省選和國選可謂河井不犯,一般而言每省皆有自己不同的保守黨和自由黨,如此類推,其組成和立場並不從屬聯邦政黨。例如安省王福特早前以壓倒性勝出安大略省的選舉,其用意亦是要加強和特朗普議價的能力。聯邦和省之間一向有互相博奕的歷史,一國多省之下各省對於外國勢力或時局可以有不同理解和回應。福特雖然身為安省保守黨之首,但大可以對於博勵治的政策或者競選策略嗤之以鼻。最近保守黨內部對於博勵治的競選策略不滿,福特為其前競選經理公開批評博勵治辯護,只拋下一句:Sometimes the truth hurts「苦口良藥」。可見完全沒有要大利益、競選考慮下的PR發言策略。框架之下,我們可以將不同有影響的因素放在一起,考慮他們長短期的影響。因素之間各有輕重,取決於各省各人不同取向。一般性考慮這一些考慮不論國家和地區皆有影響,當然其他因素於選舉其他方面也可以有影響,下列舉數例。政治左右 – Spatial TheoryA Downs 提出所謂的選舉理論認為政黨皆位列於政治光譜之上,所以當投票時選民只會投予政治光譜上相近的政黨,在Manifesto Project中政黨的選舉主張皆已被表列並數據化,所以用一般的認知所說,加拿大之中NDP/Green屬於左派Bloc Québécois屬於中間較多偏左Liberal 屬於中間稍左Conservative屬於中間偏右People’s Party屬於右派但除此以外,左右兩派並不能准確到捕捉到黨派之間的分別,所謂左右除了在政治經濟學上的取態之外,在加拿大的政治制度中還有聯邦和省自治權中的討論。自由黨可以算是眾多黨派之中最強調聯邦的政黨,其碳稅和聯邦開支以重新分配和支持不同省份為主要政策理念。新民主黨和綠黨比自由黨要稍稍強調省的主權,但因為其主張再分配和環保的政策取向,聯邦依然佔有重要的地位。保守黨的保守主義是小政府,減稅,去除碳稅,發展經濟和商業活動,其中心思想則可被視省重於聯邦的經濟自由主義,這和魁北克黨的要求聯邦政府下放予省更大的自治空間有相同之處。所以在政策主張之上,雖然保守黨和魁黨一樣要求聯邦削權,但在政策取向上法語地區皆有較左傾的取向,而聯邦一向更優待地位獨特的法語地區,例如法區可自決碳稅、有自決申請者能否以法語區作定居地的權利。年齡、性別、參與在加拿大之中,年長的人較多為投票者,各年齡之投票率隨年齡增加而增加。此外,各省的平均年齡皆有不同,草原三省和北三省平均年齡皆較年輕。各黨支持者皆有不同:女性和年輕選民皆會傾向自由黨,新民主黨和綠黨,中年選民傾向保守黨、老年選民則傾向自由黨。根據CBC的一篇報導,男性選民在經濟上較傾向進步性政策(增加有錢人稅率、政府提供更多服務)但文化上則相對保守(減少移民,減少性別多元開放化),此一觀點和女性於經濟和文化上的統一性(完全進步或完全保守)有明顯分別。在宗教和政治上較少討論和爭議,而將注意力和集中力放於傳統家庭觀念和個人自由之上。此外,年齡層上較有意思的是年老的選民更傾向於支持自由黨。自由黨於過去九年在道魯多領導下幾乎將於選舉大敗,其房屋政策和移民政策一直受批評:樓價居高不下,移民過多而其他健康或就業配套不合預期。道魯多曾直言房屋非聯邦政府負責,而又曾言不能讓樓市下跌否則會傷害退休人士的退休大計。移民湧入加上維持政府的福利政策,年老選民有更多理由選投自由黨而非保守黨。https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-housing-responsible-feds-provinces-1.6924290https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-trudeau-house-prices-affordability/地區性考慮各地區因應自己的特定文化和經濟條件,使不同政黨有固定支持者。草原三省 65 席亞爾伯塔、曼尼托伯、薩斯喀徹溫蓮皆為石油農業重鎮,保守黨的取消碳稅、去除監管、減稅等政策主張受這些省份支持。這些省身處於西部,常處於被東部政治中心所制定的政策所控制,他們生活上則傾向自給自足、創業的獨立精神、多農鄉村選民的因素皆使保守黨於少數大城市聚居地(卡加利、愛民頓)之外享有穩定的支持度。聚居兩省 165席安大略和英屬哥倫比亞有較多大城市聚居人口(多倫多、密西沙加於安大略、溫哥華、維多利亞於英屬哥倫比亞),所以這些省份的大城市地區較喜歡支持自由黨或新民主黨等更有社會進步主義取向的政策。新民主黨在上屆政府支持自由黨,令部份支持者覺得被出賣,今屆很可能在美加大戰的大為提下損失大部份議席。除大城市以外,保守黨有一定支持。北三省 3席育空、西北領地、紐納武特皆為大範圍的少人居住的省份,加起來人口約十多萬,主要以原居民為主,只有三席。傳統上為新民主黨和自由黨之爭,因應其尊重少數族裔和文化,以及高度依賴聯邦政府政策支援的歷史。不過因為議席只有一席,CBC在民調上也省得列出來,嗯。基本上一區安省等於整個北三省之一了。https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/elections/poll-tracker/canada/西洋省份 32 席Atlantic Canada 對於保守黨可謂難題,主要是因為當地捕魚發達,然而因為捕魚業很看時節氣候的關係,當休漁時大部份漁民都有賴就業保險去維持生活支出,這對於一些其他省份如一年四季都工作就草原三省的畜牧業和石油業造成不公平。加上西洋省份接近於法語區的自由左傾的思想精神,所以當地的基本支持面為傾向於自由黨。當年保守黨削減就業保險曾引起當地漁民不滿。https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/stephen-harper-s-new-employment-insurance-rules-whack-ontario-hard-walkom/article_5f511742-55cc-58e4-9909-51f853fa1431.html魁北克 78席魁省的特定法語地位在自由黨的強勢聯邦主義之下,仍獲得相當大的自由度,而有說法為如自由黨未能於魁省奪得聯邦選舉控制,一般不可能贏得大選。自由黨和魁省甚有淵源,道魯多家族皆出於魁省,蒙特利爾機場是PET “Pierre Elliott Trudeau” Airport。有趣的是,雖然於聯邦選舉上為自由黨和魁黨之省,但於省議會內卻是像安大略省一樣由中間偏右的政黨把持(Coalition Avenir Québec) 魁黨是唯一一個只會在魁省出選的聯邦層面之地區性政黨,雖然打著魁北克地區的旗幟,在支持度一樣暫時輸給自由黨。魁省的結果只能由魁黨或自由黨之間決定,保守黨雖有一定支持度,但不足氣候,其支持度於CBC民調一路從2021看來沒有任何變化。大選特定考慮除一些較靜態的因素決定了卡尼參選前的狀態,在這場選戰中也有一些Valence Issue – 政黨在所關心議題中有能力改變和Spatial Theory 相對的是Valence,也就是在關鍵議題之中哪一個政黨較有能力改變現狀。這是一個在2014年筆者於英國曼城讀碩士時接觸的主流理論。Spatial Theory因為政治光譜和人口資料(包括收入、學歷、性別)決定支持哪一個政黨,這是舊有說法。新一代則傾向於只集中在選民關心的關鍵單一議題,而不會受限於其他非政策性和表達個人政見的投票行為。事實上在現代社會,政黨政治議題不再單一化,人均收入和社會人口流動變化甚大,加上國際社會間不論文化經濟政治軍事交流和討論互為關係,所以一些較靜止而變化少的選民背景資料不再有解釋投票行為的能力。我們可以以心理學中,人在同一時段中所能處理的問題,心理上有限的認知作解釋,為什麼有選民會直接在兩個完全不同的政黨中跳邊,因為政策並非雞牛羊豬,無法計斤論件。投票如同人類的其他行為一樣,並非全然理性深思熟慮。在二零二三年開始,加拿大人早對自由黨積怨甚深,從二零二三年開始一直到二零二五年二月,如果舉行大選,必然是保守黨可取絕對多數。但當特朗普上場後,人們看見加拿大有國難,不計前嫌推選比博勵治更有國際經驗的卡尼上場。卡尼也很懂,在兩場辯論之中穩打穩紮,在競選廣告不斷強調Elbows Up,要保護加拿大的經濟和就業於目前美國的挑戰中,甚少為自由黨往績辯護,強調自己剛上場,不是道魯多。Campaign Strategy – 外敵對內政保守黨的主打並非外交,而是經濟(減稅)和犯罪,博勵治也被批評在外交上不如卡尼。不少保守黨人批評競選政策應要以美國作為主打,這才是選民想聽到的主題。筆者個人認為如外交非強項,博勵治在這等問題上辯論也只會顯出自己相對於卡尼缺乏外交經驗,倒不如寄望於選民不善忘更好。Shy Conservative Voters – 保守黨不受訪在美國大選中,初時民調認為賀錦麗和特朗普不相伯仲,之後發覺有很多保守的支持者(特朗普)一直在民調中被低估。我們也許亦可以說取態鮮明的社會進步政黨如新民主黨、自由黨、魁黨等支持者較樂於接受訪問,現在民調中自由黨雖然領先,但差距難言結果,倒是PolyMarket已成八二之分,有心者不妨一試運氣。
梁浩恩
3 months ago
Translated by AITrump's strong rise to power has drawn global attention. Everyone says this charismatic strongman president's behavior is unpredictable; however, it is precisely due to the eight years of Obama and how various crises in today's world have worsened that makes it unpredictable.In order for the world to be filled with chaos and disorder, the United States needs a leader capable of responding to the unpredictable. This illustrates how many people misunderstand Trump.Politics is determined by human behavior, which is influenced by emotions and different cultural mindsets, often leading to irrationality. Therefore, politics is not a science. Yet, as humans are part of society, historical changes and fluctuations have their own set of rules.Because human nature has many dark sides, power corrupts, and monarchs can be arrogant, like spoiled children, human behavior can often be predicted. The laws of social change, upon reflection, also show a pattern.Trump's "unpredictability" is not the real issue; the true question is why the West and humanity find themselves in an unprecedented predicament today.Trump is a leader who has faced the worst public scrutiny since the founding of the United States. During his last four years, American society, including mainstream media, never treated one of its own presidents fairly or objectively. The bias against Trump stems from his business dealings before eOf course, Trump’s economic policies also have significant hidden concerns. For example, he cannot compel the next generation of Americans to return to the industrious spirit of their grandparents in the 1950s and go back to factories. Whether the U.S. can revive its industry depends on American busHowever, can this move counterbalance the inflation effects caused by tariffs on Chinese imports? How do the two relate? Governing a country of 300 million people, Americans’ minimum wage and working hours are increasing, and Trump cannot cut back in that area. Thus, shadows loom over Trump’s economNonetheless, America’s advantage is that it is America. What other countries cannot achieve with Britain, America has the opportunity to do. The U.S. is the world's largest consumer nation and also has abundant energy resources. American culture and military dominance claim global supremacy, and theTrump and his team must recognize that their Eastern adversary has a 3,000-year culture and the strategic cunning of Sun Tzu, being ten times more astute and difficult than Russia’s Putin.Facing a mountain of domestic issues, four years is certainly not enough for Trump. A friend of mine in an international school in Hong Kong has a daughter who, not yet in her sixth year of secondary school, has already returned to tell her parents that she identifies as "Tran." The parents, perplexIf this is the situation in Hong Kong, it highlights the immense influence of the American left and demonstrates America’s strong impact. America’s greatest strength lies in its influence. Trump’s election terrified the German Chancellor, prompting her to call for early elections, and it’s believed Trump possesses a Moses-like power to lead his people across the Red Sea; more and more people believe that God will intervene at critical moments, just like a bullet that passes through without harm.
陶傑
3 months ago
Who has led the world in invasions over the past three centuries (1725–2025)? At first glance, the answer might seem straightforward, as all the information is publicly available. However, defining invasions is not so simple, as invaders rarely describe their actions as such. Instead, they often fra
Anthony Tran
2 months ago
一百年前的「外國勢力」,與今天的「外國干預」有何分別?當中國政府高聲指責西方干預、香港媒體提及「境外敵對勢力」幾成日常,你有否想過,這樣的政治語言其實早在十九世紀的中國已現雛形?羅伯特・尼爾德(Robert Nield)的《China’s Foreign Places: The Foreign Presence in China in the Treaty Port Era, 1840–1943》,讓我們重新認識那段被屢次選擇性遺忘的歷史——從1840年第一次鴉片戰爭起,到1943年抗戰中止不平等條約為止,百餘個「條約口岸」構成了一張深深植入中國土地的帝國網絡。這些據點,不僅是帝國主義的軍事與經濟前線,更是文化碰撞、制度實驗與現代化進程的奇異容器。香港,作為其中一個最持久、最成功的據點,其歷史命運尤其值得重新審視。今日我們見證香港「被中國化」的急速進程,或許可從這段歷史中,尋找出一些令人不安的回聲。條約口岸的誕生:歷史如何開啟「他者治理」的中國模式?「條約口岸」的建立,是西方列強以武力撬開中國疆域的直接結果。自1842年《南京條約》將廣州、福州、廈門、寧波、上海五口開放通商起,英法美俄等國迅速擴張勢力,將數十個城市納入殖民勢力範圍。尼爾德詳細梳理了這些據點的誕生與演變,指出條約港的設置不只是為貿易服務,更創造了一套具殖民色彩的「他者治理」機制——治權由外人掌握、法治與稅制與內地斷裂、文化價值輸入當地生活。這樣的治理模式,不單止在空間上製造割裂,也在觀念上建構出一個「非我族類」的現代中國圖景。中國的主權,在這些據點內被有系統地抽離——而這種治理經驗,也成為近代中國國族主義敘事中的恥辱起點。
壹玖肆伍·國際香港圖書典藏館
2 months ago
由舊香港到新香港,無數事實告訴我們,我們所熟知的香港,正在被各種勢力、話語權重寫過去、現在和未來。但誰來重寫?如何重寫?在「歷史」本身也淪為政治工具的時代,我們還能相信哪種視角去看這座城市?正是在這樣的時刻,重讀日本歷史學者濱下武志的《香港大視野》,反而提供了異常清澈的觀看方式——一種不屬於殖民者、也不屬於民族國家的視野。他不從中國的權力中心出發,也不被西方的秩序框架所綁,而是從海上網絡、僑民經濟、匯款系統與中介角色,構建出一個穿越國界、以流動為常態的「亞洲網絡中心」——香港。這不是對過去的浪漫懷舊,而是對當代危機的一種歷史解釋力。一、從「中心」看邊陲,或從邊陲理解亞洲?在今天的香港,「歷史」不再是一門遠觀的學科,而是一場正在爭奪的實時政治。無論是中學課綱的改寫、博物館展覽的重組、或是新聞報導中的表述鬥爭,香港的過去,早已被捲入今日的權力博弈之中。在這樣的時代重構下,重新閱讀日本歷史學家濱下武志於1997年出版的《香港大視野》,不只是對過去的一次回顧,更可能為我們提供一種超越當代地緣政治框架的歷史眼光。濱下所提出的「亞洲網絡中心」觀點,拒絕將香港視為孤立的殖民地或附屬地,而是置於由華人移民、貿易金融、海洋活動構成的網絡交匯點。這種視角,不僅打破了中國史與世界史之間的藩籬,也讓我們看見一個「從南方看中國」、「從移動中理解權力」的全新歷史框架。而這種網絡式理解,或許正是當下香港在「一國多制」名存實亡、政治與經濟深陷困局時,最迫切需要回應與反思的歷史資源。
壹玖肆伍·國際香港圖書典藏館
3 months ago
有說中國人與幽默感扯不上關係,至少「幽默」的概念得靠林語堂先生翻譯過來,才開始在華文世界出現和討論。當然幽默感欠奉也離不開民族性和文化,港人深受中國傳統文化影響,既認為幽默難登大場,是輕浮、膚淺和兒戲的表現,但也喜愛幽默帶來的開懷大笑。 幽默是種生活的調味料,人人可以口味各異,諷刺、影射、模仿和語帶雙關⋯⋯但就是不可或缺,尤其面對前路堪憂的社會,開懷大笑既能讓大腦釋放安多酚,又能暫時擱淺現實的無奈感。 林語堂說過,「沒有幽默滋潤的國民,其文化必日趨虛偽,生活必日趨欺詐,思想必日趨迂腐,文學必日趨乾枯,而人的心靈必日趨頑固。」不過個人之力弱,在高壓的封閉社會裡,大多只能委曲求全,政治笑話面對暴力 在史大林時期,蘇聯民眾雖接受了政權的全面宰制,被恐懼支配生活,但仍能以玩笑接受無奈的現實。蘇聯時期的笑話層出不窮,既有真實也有杜蓬,但大多都是寫實描繪生活,例如「一個工人早到工廠五分鐘,被控間諜 但苦中作樂不是蘇聯民眾的專利,猶太人面對納粹的苦難時,也留下過以笑抗衡的紀錄。如「蓋世太保正準備槍斃幾個猶太人時,走來一名軍官。「他對其中一人說,『你看起來有點像雅利安人,所以我給你一個機會,我 先賢說言論和思想自由是天賦權利,但此是理想而非現實。人們受制於政治和社會的高壓環境,只能以冷嘲熱諷的方式說出意見和想法。當正經談事的權利不再,調侃就成為弱者唯一的武器。奧威爾認為「每個笑話都是微 當然,玩笑不是蘇聯和納粹倒台的原因,但幽默的笑話卻令人在現實保持清醒,在順從與反抗之間避免麻木和犧牲的陷阱。這倒是一種亂世的生存策略。 Cover Photo: Gnomon Wise - Research Institute
杳三
3 months ago
魯迅說過,「悲劇將人生有價值的東西毀滅給人看」。若用歷史觀點解釋,歷時三年多的俄烏戰爭雖然是蘇聯解體的延後故事,但並不符合魯迅對悲劇的定義,畢竟那時共產主義的價值早已逝去,毀滅的只有苟且的社會秩序。 對普京來說,20世紀最嚴重的地緣政治災難,一場俄羅斯人真正的悲劇是蘇聯解體;但是來到21世紀,那場悲劇卻是烏克蘭經過幾世紀的流血衝突、被外國統治和分裂後,繼續成為東西歐不同價值觀的磨心。 俄烏兩國的共同文化遺產可追溯至一千多年前,當時斯拉夫族群定都基輔為中心。公元988年,弗拉基米爾一世皈依東正教,並在克里米亞半島的克森尼索接受洗禮。所以普京說俄羅斯人和烏克蘭人是同一民族,一個整體,就是建基這個時 可是,兩國在同一時光,亦會出現兩種截然不同的歷史意識。基輔羅斯公國成立後,烏克蘭就不斷在被佔領和光復之間來回折返,先有13世紀蒙古人的征服,然後是16世紀波蘭——立陶宛聯邦從西面入侵,17世紀帝俄先取得聶伯河東部 沒有史太林策劃的飢荒,也許烏克蘭的民族主義不會如此熾熱。1917年共產革命後,烏克蘭要到1922年才完全併入蘇聯統治。1930年代初,蘇聯強迫農民加入集體農場,導致農作物欠收,史太林索性掏空烏克蘭的儲糧,調回母國 俄烏戰爭不是一場對等戰爭,前者為阻止烏克蘭加入北約,威脅到自家後庭,所以先發制人,權謀是戰爭的本質;但後者對着強權不屈不朽,捍衛自主和獨立的價值,那怕成為一場悲劇,也要將拒有價值的東西毀滅給人看,這才是悲劇的價值 Photo: The Holodomor Research and Education Consortium (HREC)
杳三
3 months ago
June 2025 was another strong month for my Manulife MPF portfolio, marking its second outperformance against the overall MPF system since January 2025. A steady rally in U.S., China, and Japan equities drove a 3.40% gain in my portfolio during June, surpassing the MPFR All Fund Performance Index, whi
Anthony Tran
4 days ago
May 2025 proved to be a robust month for my Manulife MPF portfolio, achieving its first outperformance against the overall MPF system since January 2025. A steady rally in US, China, and Japan equities drove my MPF portfolio to a 6.25% gain in May, surpassing the MPFR All Fund Performance Index, whi
Anthony Tran
4 weeks ago
《紅藥丸雜誌》專欄羅耕〈財經DNA〉2025年6月6日港股五十年不變 暫別前好歹應談談港股,畢竟香港本是我家。 九七後極權接手,香港注定倒退。然而制度化如美國,意識形態上也會於制度、極權間稍為鐘擺;正如暴政如共產黨般,縱無選舉、無政黨輪替,路線也會於制度、極權間調整。當年首個極權死後,曾有過些好日子;如今的若失勢,也許不至太灰。 然而,在經濟大勢上香港無論人口或GDP增長皆已直跌至零,且碰上樓跌週期,今趟低迷應會稍長。不過,人口、GDP增長、政策失誤劣如日本者,實由1990衰至2012年。這十八、廿二年的呆滯已足夠清理四、五個週期過剩,懲罰鮮會甚於此期。 就當香港由2018年衰起,照數203x年料否極泰來;當然,泰來到破頂創新高,則恐要另個十年,怕且要到204x年。這樣,恒指確會五十年不變。 也許後會有期。 羅耕 [email protected]
Gang Law
1 month ago
Gold prices have surged in 2025, driven by market volatility, tariff threats from the Trump administration, and fears of rising U.S. inflation amid slowing global growth. The SPDR Gold Trust (GLD), which tracks spot gold prices, has risen 25.39% year-to-date as of 30 May 2025. The VanEck Gold Miners
Anthony Tran
1 month ago
Investing in the stock market, very often, doesn’t require an advanced degree in finance or mastery of complex financial models. By applying straightforward logic, anyone can spot opportunities obscured by market storytelling. A direct comparison of the world’s top two electric vehicle (EV) manufact
Anthony Tran
1 month ago
在港版國安法、移民潮與外資撤退的背景下,太古依然維持其地位:國泰航空、太古地產與太古可口可樂仍為本地重要經濟支柱。然而,太古與香港社會的連結是否還如過去深厚?畢可思在書中多次強調太古在十九、二十世紀間,如何建立「公司社群」:員工福利、教育津貼、醫療資源,甚至組織內部刊物與退休制度,皆為其商業成功的社會基礎。這些制度,在當時的華人社會中屬於罕見的「現代福利資本主義」實驗場。但今天的香港,面對資源壟斷與中產萎縮,這類制度早已失色。太古再未成為「僱員最想加入的企業」,更無力介入公共利益辯論。它不再是一個有能力塑造香港價值的資本體,而只是個位於香港的跨國企業。或許真正的問題不在太古本身,而在我們自己。從書中可見,太古並非從天而降的成功,它從買辦合作到市場探索,從航運冒險到制度創新,其歷史充滿風險與轉型。它的成功,在於懂得在不穩定中尋找秩序。今日的香港,雖然資本堅硬、制度健全,卻少了當年那種敢於嘗試、連結社群、從頭建立信任的動力。我們不是不能白手興家,而是缺乏容許創造的縫隙、理解風險的文化與支持社群的制度。太古的歷史教我們:企業不是資本的堆積,而是文化、策略與關係網絡的結晶。香港要走出當下的困局,不能只靠新創,更要重新學會連結——不只是技術與資本的連結,更是歷史與未來的連結。讀完《太古集團與近代中國》,我們不只是理解了一間公司的百年史,更是看見了一座城市如何在跨國資本、殖民治理與本地社群之間構築自己。太古並不只是「外來者」的象徵,它早已滲入我們的語言、地圖與生活,但它同時也提醒我們:香港的主體性,不該只是由誰來選擇「留下」與「撤退」,而應是由我們決定如何訴說、理解、延續——關於這座城市與商人移民之間,那段從未終結的故事。十九世紀的香港,真的是為中國而設,還是為洋行而生?當我們從今日回望香港的經濟骨架與城市規劃,一個名字幾乎無所不在——太古(Swire)。從太古城、太古廣場到太古地鐵站,從國泰航空、太古地產到太古糖廠與船塢,這個源自英國利物浦的小商號,如何在一個殖民地構築起龐大的企業帝國,並嵌入整個城市的發展想像?羅伯特.畢可思(Robert Bickers)的《太古集團與近代中國》,正是一本回應這場歷史提問的企業傳記,也是一部城市、資本與身份糾纏的現代史。但太古只是外來者嗎?它與我們這些在地香港人,真的毫無交集嗎?書中最動人的,並非僅僅是太古的殖民企業身份,而是它如何「學會」在中國做生意。1866年進入中國市場時,太古是個地道的外行人。與它同時代的怡和、和記黃埔、寶順洋行等,皆已有中國貿易經驗,唯獨太古得從零開始,靠著與華人買辦的合作逐步打開華南與長江流域的貿易通道。書中細緻描繪了太古如何從懵懂外商轉化為商業高手,關鍵人物是那些介於兩個世界的中間人——買辦。他們既熟悉中國本地政經文化,又懂得洋行操作邏輯,是太古與中國社會真正的橋梁。這些買辦,不只是太古的翻譯或經紀,更是太古集團在風雨飄搖的晚清與民初間,得以屹立不倒的核心策略資源。但買辦的地位,是否就是殖民協作者?或是他們其實也是香港早期移民商人身影的一部分?這個問題,畢可思沒有直接回答,卻留給讀者足夠的材料,思考買辦在帝國秩序中的模糊角色。1880年代,太古將公司重心從上海轉至香港。這個決定的背後,不只是戰略選擇,更是對中國政局的判斷。甲午戰爭前夕,內地市場風險劇增,港英政府在法律、金融與貿易基礎設施上的穩定性,成為吸引外資的核心優勢。太古的發展軌跡,不只是商業決策,更體現香港如何從華南邊陲港口,轉化為東亞資本流動的節點。但太古選擇香港,是否也造就了香港城市格局的單一性?從船塢到地產、從物流到航空,太古深度參與城市空間的重塑,也成為香港極少數能跨越殖民時代並延續至今的「世襲資本」。換言之,我們今日所見的「太古地鐵站」,不只是交通節點,更是資本地景的象徵。書中提到,太古雖屬英資背景,卻非完全排斥與華人商人合作。早期糖廠與船塢皆有本地資本或人力參與,國泰航空初創時亦有港商李兆基等人入股。然而,隨著公司體制化與國際化發展,這些合作關係逐步被「公司治理」、「股東責任」等英式管理制度取代。這是否反映了香港資本社會的斷層?在殖民秩序下,本地華商常需依附外資運作,才能擁有現代企業架構。而一旦進入制度化與國際化階段,本地商人就易被排除在外。太古不是例外,而是一種殖民資本主義的範本。因此,香港歷史上雖有無數移民商人成功白手起家,但他們能否進入如太古般的資本世襲體系,始終存疑。太古成功了,卻也形塑了一種近乎封閉的經濟高牆。
壹玖肆伍·國際香港圖書典藏館
4 weeks ago
Corporal punishment was once a widely accepted method in US schools to enforce discipline and deter misbehavior through physical measures, such as spanking or paddling. It was intended to foster respect, curb narcissism, and prevent future rule-breaking. Today, however, corporal punishment is increa
Anthony Tran
1 month ago
你有否想過,一個家族企業的全球擴張,為何會被視為一場撤退?李嘉誠,這位從塑膠花工場起家、縱橫華資商界數十載的「超人」,一度是香港拼搏精神的代名詞。然而,近年在中國與香港政經環境急劇轉變之下,他的企業策略卻轉而被解讀為「撤資」、「去香港化」,甚至成為輿論批判的箭靶。但若我們回到原點——他從哪裡來?他經歷過什麼?他如何建立起這個龐大的企業帝國?又為何最終選擇漸行漸遠?夏萍《李嘉誠傳》或可為我們提供一個細緻而充滿矛盾的理解視角。 「超人」不是天降,是從逃難潮州仔走出來的 李嘉誠並非富家子弟。他於1928年生於廣東潮州,童年因日軍入侵而輾轉流離,最終定居香港。父親早逝,他自十五歲起便需養家糊口。正如《李嘉誠傳》中所描繪,他最早在舅父的鐘錶行當 這段創業史不只是個人奮鬥故事,更是戰後香港整體移民社會的縮影:一代華人移民在殖民地香港的夾縫中尋找空間、累積資本、逐步建立起華資企業的話語權。若無戰亂的逃難經歷、移民城市的 從「塑膠花王國」轉型為地產帝國 六十年代,塑膠工業已漸見飽和,李嘉誠在多次轉型中展現驚人的眼光。他大膽進軍地產市場,尤其在1967年香港左派暴動之後,港英政府主導的殖民秩序動搖,不少歐資企業陸續撤資,留下 這場併購,不只是商業操作,更是一種象徵性逆轉:一個潮州仔,在殖民權力高牆上,開出一道缺口。《李嘉誠傳》中不乏描述此併購案細節——包括其如何以低於市價的方式贏得談判,如何讓英 從「香港之光」到「背棄香港」 問題來了:這樣一位曾為港人驕傲的代表人物,為何會在回歸後逐步從香港輿論場中跌落神壇? 李嘉誠在2010年代後期開始重新調整資產配置,逐步將部分資金轉向海外市場,尤以歐洲為主,媒體與輿論開始出現「撤資」說法,甚至有官媒文章批評其「不愛國」、「不挺中央政策」。尤 從《李嘉誠傳》觀之,這位「寧肯賠錢都不想惹麻煩」的商人,對政治向來敬而遠之。他支持慈善與教育,卻極少高調表態,曾言「政治無關我」。但正是這種在殖民時代行得通的「政經分離」原 他的撤資,是精明還是退場? 在資產大舉轉往歐洲、英國與加拿大的背景下,李嘉誠的全球資產配置策略,的確展現出對中國市場與香港風險的高度警惕。這種行為可視為一種風險管理,也可被批評為缺乏承擔。然而,我們也 書中提及,李嘉誠雖然淡出實際管理,但仍長期關注政策變化與國際形勢。在2015年股市動盪、2016年港獨爭議、2019年社會運動與疫情交錯期間,他的每一筆資金轉移都被解讀為一 李嘉誠留給香港的貢獻 李嘉誠從來不是政治人物,他的貢獻也未必在於提出價值觀,而在於示範了一條由個人—家族—社群—資本的連接路徑。《李嘉誠傳》多次記錄其對醫療、教育的捐獻——設立汕頭大學、李嘉誠基 他留下的是大量城市地標(如港島東)、龐大就業與財富創造、但也留下高地價政策與財富極端集中下的都市焦慮。他既是建設者,也是壟斷象徵——既代表「香港做得到」,也象徵「香港早已固 結語:今天的我們,還能期待下一個「李嘉誠」嗎? 在一個不再鼓勵獨立思考、不再容許沉默不語的政經環境中,「李嘉誠式」的企業家似乎成了過去式。他所代表的香港,是一個相信市場規律、自我進修與「做得好會被看到」的年代。而如今的香 閱讀《李嘉誠傳》,我們不只是閱讀一位商人的發跡史,更是在回望一段已然消逝的城市哲學。那是一種相信制度與個人努力可建立信任的信念;是一種「做實事、不說空話」的文化;也是一種可 當香港變得不再能孕育「白手興家」的傳奇時,也許我們該問的,是這城市的基因,是否已與李嘉誠所熟悉的那個時代,徹底割裂。
壹玖肆伍·國際香港圖書典藏館
2 months ago
今天的香港,還可能出現另一個「白手興家」的故事嗎?在資產階級已固化、樓市與政權深度交纏的今天,這個問題似乎幼稚。然而翻開《白手興家:香港家族與社會 1841–1941》,我們看到的卻不是虛幻的傳奇,而是一部制度未成形時的社會自組圖譜:在英殖統治極少涉足的早期百年裡,是誰提供了教育、醫療與基本社會秩序?這些並不是殖民政府的職責重點——根據鄭宏泰與高皓的研究,在1841到1941年間,港英政府對華人社群的管理多數停留於司法與稅收層面,社會服務、教育與醫療等大量需求,實質上仰賴民間家族集資與興辦 。 家族,不只是經濟單位,更是信任的容器? 當我們重讀《白手興家》時會發現,香港的早期發展並非純粹資本推動的結果,而是「家族—社群—市場」三角關 羅文錦並非殖民統治者眼中的理想合作對象,他與政府的關係介乎協商與制衡之間,但他能獲得社會廣泛支持,正 這種信任機制,在今日香港正日漸凋零。無論是財團辦報、跨代傳承基金,還是政治與商界人物的家族關係,公眾 新時代的家族失語:從「社群連結」到「體制嵌入」 在《白手興家》的家族故事中,有一項共通特點:這些家族大多在制度未完善之前起家,在無法依靠政府的時代自 當家族成為政協、人大代表,或進入選舉委員會成為建制政治參與者的一環,他們的社會角色便由「秩序創造者」 曾經李光耀在新加坡強調政府與家族企業的清晰劃界,今日香港卻朝著相反方向前行:地產財團幾乎影響所有政策 香港的「家族政治」與國際比較:新加坡、台灣與我們的距離 回望亞洲其他地區,我們可見不同的「家族與社會」模式。新加坡的家族企業在政策框架下受限於反貪機構監管, 但香港呢?《白手興家》展示的是一個從零開始的時代——那時候沒有政策補貼、沒有特權通道、沒有「合作框架 我們是否能讓新一代的家族或企業,重新透過實質社會貢獻來獲得社會認可,而非單靠政治接軌?如果不能,那麼 家族記憶的政治與文化隱退:從祠堂、家書到公共敘事的缺席 另一層被忽略的轉變,是家族記憶如何逐漸退出香港的公共敘事。過去的宗祠文化、家族檔案、族譜撰修,是一種 《白手興家》中不少篇章提及家族如何透過文書記錄、族產分配、集體決議維持家道與社會影響力,例如李石朋家 當這種文化被消解,家族被簡化為「權貴」或「資產」代名詞,我們也失去了一種用歷史治理當下的能力。今天的 結語:我們要的是傳奇,還是現實可複製的社會動能? 《白手興家》之所以仍值得細讀,不是因為它讓人懷舊或感動,而是因為它提供了一套被遺忘的治理原則:當社會 今天的香港正值分岔點。制度仍在,但信任已損;財富仍有,但社會連結斷裂;公務猶存,但公共性不再。我們還 如果答案是肯定的,那麼「白手興家」便不只是歷史,更是未來的密碼。
壹玖肆伍·國際香港圖書典藏館
2 months ago
Britain, here referring to the United Kingdom, is widely regarded as a cornerstone of democracy. Beneath this reputation, however, lies a troubling reality: social mobility—the chance to rise above one’s origins—remains elusive for many. Reports and personal stories suggest an irony: Britain’s celeb
Anthony Tran
2 months ago
《紅藥丸雜誌》專欄〈一名經人〉2025年6月3日經濟長勝道 還得看制度 來到最後一篇,談談大的議題:經濟長勝之道。 經濟是什麼呢?當然不只生產、消費和交易般簡單的框架;當代理念是資本主義,其真諦在於發揮個人的自由選擇意志。愈有這條件的增長未必最高,但經濟愈可持續。沒有自由選擇的人民沒有誘因,不事生產,不是投機取巧就是躺平頹廢,大起大落。 經濟自由是自由的一種,但長久自由下會形成強弱懸殊,結果強的壓抑弱的自由,即部分人甚至大部分人失去自由;縱使政府亦可有類似行為。為了避免最終失去自由,制度便有存在的必要以保障弱者的自由。愈多人有自由,便愈多人能貢獻整體經濟。 除制度保障自由,再令經濟可持續這些保底因素外,要拔尖便要靠工具,如科技。然而,科學和技術的發展亦建基於思想自由,大概也是中世紀後才有此土壤吧。至此,無論資本主義和科技發展,顯然最終也追溯到制度──這正正是去年諾獎所頒予的。 看官,北半球的歐美幾世紀來富裕,直觀的分別就在這文明制度。亞洲時至今日,所有政權皆仍貪污腐敗,縱日、韓、香港亦然,故這些地區縱曾富貴亦僅某時代而已,難以千秋萬世。特朗普正面衝擊這種制度,即使他最終能消滅對手,他也是另類極權,假若制度不再,美國的前景得須另眼相 羅家聰 [email protected]
Ka Chung Law
1 month ago
The United States’ global influence does not rest solely on its military might or technological innovation. At its core lies a delicate financial system—a cycle where US dollars flow outward through trade deficits, debt issuance, and overseas military commitments, only to return via exports, foreign
Anthony Tran
1 month ago
《紅藥丸雜誌》專欄〈一名經人〉2025年5月27日失業溯源頭 科技非禍首 老牌銀行裁員,AI威脅飯碗似殺到埋身。AI專家和崇拜者更講到往後毋須人類。記得上一潮九十年代末至千禧初的科網革命也曾有類似說法,結果隔幾年後又如常。 說這兩者本質不同?且看本質更近似的工業革命,據維基百科,普遍認為從1760年代的紡織機發明到1840年代的電機發明,有些會認為是延至1880年代的電力系統,甚至到一戰前1913年福特Model T發明。這種屬生產(第二產業)上的自動化突破,應可類比當代服務(第三產業)的自動化。影響最深的英、美,當時失業情況如何? 據英倫銀行編制的三套失業率數字,首套以奧根定律從GDP推算,在1755至1861年間由4-8%浮游趨跌至2-7%。另一套由Ferstein編制的覆蓋1761至1860年,數字由4-6%稍趨升至6-8%,這百年當中僅有四年升穿10%。第三套則為官方數據,覆蓋1855年至今,可見1921年前一直於4-6%間上落,真正飆升至逾15%是1930年代大蕭條。 美國也有類似情況,兩套失業率數字中,全民失業率自1890至1930年間於3-9%間橫行,而另一套非農失業率則主要於4-12%間橫行,到大蕭條時才飆升至逾25%。 總結歷史經驗,就是行業有興衰,工種有更迭,更重要是往往新增的比消失的多。人的天性就是當答案愈多後會想到更多問題,而最新的難題往往還由人而非機來解決。真正威脅飯碗的,是如大蕭條般爆泡──還是人禍。 羅家聰 [email protected]
Ka Chung Law
2 months ago
《紅藥丸雜誌》專欄〈一名經人〉2025年5月20日脫鈎大實驗 上風由誰佔 中美關稅戰雖暫降溫,但其實兩者勢必續脫鈎。最終誰佔上風? 答此一問,若齋吹無根據,結論未必扎實。要有證據甚或數據,難免要溯諸歷史。一如染髮,可分兩個層次:立即脫鈎vs逐漸脫鈎,或快vs慢。先看快的自然實驗。 立即脫鈎就如上月般變相禁運,但僅個餘月且雙方不少人事先有所準備提前買賣,故看不到效果。至於再對上一次變相禁運的自然實驗,就是疫情間的封城。那次所見,即使有、無封城的國家,幾乎所有經濟數據都大插水。無封城的,國內買賣沒怎受阻,經濟仍插水的背後很可能是外圍傳導進的。立即脫鈎的結果,概是這樣全方位大跌。 至於逐漸脫鈎的自然實驗,其實早自十餘年前起已開始。大陸生產遷移至東南亞,早於海嘯後不久已因成本差距而漸普遍,而其(也許假的)GDP增長亦隨之直線下跌,反觀同期(十餘年來)美國GDP增長卻維持3%趨勢增長。這種不對稱之象怎解釋? 上週已提到一個美國消費等於數十至百個國家總和,若美國不買,頃刻確難轉位;但十餘年來中國已非單一大供應商。在單一買家對眾多賣家下,誰佔上風不言而喻。 賣家可遍地開花,但買家要有錢才行,難以話有就有。是故打生死大仗兩敗俱傷,但若打拖拉持久戰,則賣方顯然吃虧;何況論經濟週期,美在高峯中在低谷。 羅家聰 [email protected]
Ka Chung Law
2 months ago
In politics, scapegoating is the go-to move to avoid voter backlash. The US, drowning in a record US$140.5 billion trade deficit in March 2025, per Trading Economics, needs a villain. Forget blaming America’s sluggish productivity or sky-high wages—point the finger at China’s currency controls, and
Anthony Tran
2 months ago
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